Cutter-head



f e e h s W e e h S 2 D n EA m N R E T .T Rm 0 m d 0 M 0 w No. 448,254.Patented Mar. 17, 1891..

(No Model.) 2 sneets-snet 2.

C. R. PENFIELD.

GUTTER HEAD.

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Unites States CHARLES R. PENFIELD, OF LANSING, MICHIGAN.

CUTTER-HEAD.

$PECIFIOATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 448,254, dated March17, 1891.

Application filed February 1, 1890. Serial No. 338,942. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be itknown that I, CHARLES R. PENFIELD, of Lansing, in the county ofIngham and State of Michigan, have invented a certain new and usefulImprovement in Gutter-Heads; and I do hereby declare that the followingis afull, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being hadto the drawings accompanying this application.

Myimprovement relates tocutter-heads for matching lumber, dressingmoldings, and for similar uses; and it consists in the construction andarrangement of parts hereinafter de* scribed and claimed.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is an end view of my improved cutter-head.tral horizontal section of the same in line a: 0c of Fig. Fig. 3 is acentral vertical section of the same in line y 7 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4. is adiagram showinga central horizontal section of a portion of the head andtwo of the knives resting therein, said knives being reversed or turnedin the opposite direction from their position in cutting and designed toexhibit the method of finishing the knives in an engine-lathepreparatory to use. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section of a portion of theguide band or case that surrounds the head. Fig. (3 is a plan view ofFig. 5. Fig. 7 is a dia gram showinga plan view of two of thegrooving-knives and exhibiting the alternating offset position of thepoints of said knives to prevent binding in cutting the lumber andprovide clearance in operation. Figs. 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 are viewsshowing different forms of the knives.

The cutter-head is composed of two parts A and A, which are divided by acleft a, that extends nearly or quite through to the center, thus makingthe head in the form of a clamp, the two parts of which are united byclamp-screws B B B. The rim of the head is provided with a series ofround holes Z) Z), formed partially in each half of the head to receivethe round shanks of the knives, and the inner ends of the holes areprovided with screw-threads to receive corresponding screwthreads on theshanks.

C C are the knives, provided with cylin drical shanks C O, which enterthe round holes I) b in thehead and are held fast by the clamp-screwsthat pass through the head. The

Fig. 2 is a ceninner'ends of the shanks have screw-threads c c, whichenter the internal threads of the holes I) b, as before described. Theshanks are located at an acute angle to the cuttingblades, as shown.This angle is determined by the diameter of the head, the object beingto enable the knives to be turned up and dressed on the same head inwhich they are afterward used. To do this the knives are turned to theposition shown in Fig. 4-that is, the points are turned in the reversedirection from that in which they run in use. In this position the innersides of the cutters rest close to the head and the outer sides form atrue circle concentric with the head itself. Vhen the cutters are thusarranged, the cut tor-head can be placed in an engine-lathe and all thecutters be turned up and finished at one operation. After being thusfinished the cut ters are turned half-way around to bring them in thereverse position for use and the points stand out like saw-teeth, asshown in Figs. 1 and 2. The shanksmight radiate from the center; but insuch case the cutters would have to be turned up and dressed on a headmade for that special purpose. The cuttingpoints of the knives arebeveled inward, as shown at (Z (Z. By this means the knives can besharpened by holding the beveled edges to an emery-wheel, the grindingbeing done on the beveled edge'only. Harder cutters can be used thanthose ordinarily employed, and they will therefore wear muchlongerbefore being resharpened.

Various forms of cutters may be used, according to the work to be done.Figs. 1, 2, and 3 show grooving cutters for matching boards. Fig. 8shows the corresponding cutter for tonguing boards. Fig. 9 shows acutter for forming a half-round on a rod or other piece. Fig. 10 shows astraight-edger. Fig. 11 shows an ogee-edger, and Fig. 12 one form forcutting moldings.

Cutters of any desired shape and any purpose where lumber is to befashioned and dressed may be employed.

The points of the tonguing-and-grooving knives are set in the alternateposition shown in Fig. 7thatis, they are slightly offset at oppositepoints, so that in action they cut a tongue or groove somewhat widerthan the cutters themselves. This gives clearance back TOC 01": thepoints of the knives and prevents in a great degree the friction thatoccurs by a close contact of the sides of the knives with the sides ofthe wood. Said sides are entirely removed from contact with the wood.

G is a guard consisting of a case provided with a face-plate g, thatcovers one end of the cutter-head, and a rim it, that embraces theperiphery of the head. Holes i i are made in the rim to allow passage ofthe cuttershanks O O, and these holes are elongated, as shown in Figs. 5and 6, to allow a degree of turning movement to the guard, for a purposepresently to be described. Back of each of these holes is a lug 7c ofgreater thickness than the body of the rim and gradually japering awayfrom the holes. On each side of these lugs are vertical tongues Z Z atsuch a distance apart as to allow the knives O C to rest between them.

WVhen the cutter-head is fitted for work, the guard G is turn ed back,so that the tongues Z Z embrace the sides of the cutters, as shown inFig. 1, and the lugs k 7t rest in and fill the angular spaces under thecutters and next to the head. The guard is held in position by three ofthe clamping-bolts B B B, which pass through concentric slots m m m ofthe guard and have nuts n n n on their ends. The slots are of sufficientlength to allow the necessary turning movement of the guard.

The lugs 70 by filling the angular spaces under the cutters prevent thelodgment of chips and dust at those points, and therefore preventclogging and irregular action. They also give stiffness and strength tothe cutters and prevent trembling. The tongues Z Z by embracing thecutters keep them always in line and prevent any accidental turning tothe right or left. Whenever it is necessary to turn the cutters orremove them the guard can be turned to relieve the tongues from thecutters and they can then be turned or removed without difficulty.

K is the hollow hub by which the cutterhead is attached to theoperating-mandrel.

By the use of a divided cutter-head with round holes for holding cutterswith round shanks, such as described, said shanks can be tightened orloosened in a few moments time. The screw-threads on the ends of theshanks enable the cutters to be adjusted outward at any time tocompensate for wear or the grinding away of points. To adjust them it isonly necessary to loosen the guard G and then give one or more turns tothe cutter-shanks to screw them out. These screw-threads also preventthe cutters from being thrown out of the head or becoming loosened bythe centrifugal action under rapid motion. By this special constructiona greater number of cutters can be inserted in the head, and thereforemore rapid work can be done than by ordinary cutter-heads.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is

1. The combination of a cutter-head composed of two parts and providedwith round holes in its periphery, a set of cutters provided withcylindrical shanks resting in said holes, and clamping-screws passingthrough the head and clamping the parts of the same to thecutter-shanks, as herein shown and de scribed.

2. The combination, with a cutter-head composed of two parts and havinground holes in its periphery, of a set of cutters having cylindricalshanks resting in said holes, the ends of the shanks and the inner endsof the holes having screw-threads which fit together, and a set ofclamping-screws passing through the head to clamp the parts together, asherein shown and described.

3. The combination, with a circular cutterhead composed of two parts andprovided with round holes arranged tangentially to the axis of rotation,of a set of cutters with cylindrical shanks fitting in said holes andstanding at an acute angle to the cutterhead, whereby when said cuttersare set in reverse positions from their position in use they form a truecircle at their periphery, as herein shown and described.

4:. The combination, with a circular cutterhead and a set of cuttersprovided with cylindrical shanksthat rest in round holes of said head,of a guard consisting of a band which encircles the head, provided withelongated holes for the passage of the cuttershanks and withfilling-lugs which rest under the cutters and between them and the head,as herein specified.

5. The combination, with a circular cutterhead and a set of cuttersprovided with cylindrical shanks that rest in round holes of said head,of a guard consisting of a band which encircles the head, provided withelongated holes for the passage of the cuttershanks and with tongues onopposite sides which embrace the sides of the cutters to hold them inposition, as herein specified.

6. The combination, with acutter-head having round holes in itsperiphery, of a series of knives consisting of segmental cuttingbladesand cylindrical shanks adapted to fit in holes of the cutter-head,whereby the cutting-points can be set in alternately offset po- 'sitionsby turning the cutters on the axes of the shanks, as herein shown anddescribed.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

CHARLES R. PENFIELD.

\Vitnesses:

FRANKLIN S. PORTER, FRANK E. RoBsoN.

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